![]() The only notable se player in the 20th century was Wu Jinglüe, who was primarily a guqin player. There are very few modern players of the se, which largely became extinct in ancient times, although it is conceptually survived by the zheng. Modern forms of the se generally do not have posts, and are instead strung a bit like the zheng, to which it resembles. To string the instrument, one needs to tie a butterfly knot at the head of the string, strung through a bamboo rod, over the bridge at the head and over the main body of the instrument and over into the tail-end bridge into the instrument, out of the sound hole at the bottom of the instrument, over the tail-end, and wrapped around the posts in four or three groups. The number of strings and length of the instrument differs from place to place, with archaeological finds of examples with 25, 24, 23, or 19 strings. There was also a "small se" that had half the strings (14). "A big se has 50 strings, a middle se has 25." It also says that Fuxi created the 50 stringed se, called a sha, whilst the Yellow Emperor reduced it to 25. When Shun came to power, he added eight strings, so it became twenty-three." Another view suggests that the se started out with 50 strings. The Lüshi Chunqiu (3rd century BC) states that: "A five stringed se, then became a fifteen stringed se. The strings were made of twisted silk in varying thicknesses. The lower end of a se has a long, arch-shaped opening for the strings to pass through. The board and posts are often lacquered, and carved with decorative motifs. Usually, four posts are built into one end to anchor the strings, although some instruments only had two or three posts. Construction Īncient se were built with a wooden sound board that curved slightly in the center, and had three bridges at the end, and one bridge at the head. The Shōsōin storehouse in Japan has one se in its inventory of historical instruments, mostly from the 8th century. The Institute of music of the Chinese Academy of Arts collects the se of the early Qing Dynasty, 207 cm long and 43 cm wide. The Tomb of Marquis Yi of Zeng (late 5th century BC) in Hubei contained a wealth of musical instruments, including a se, a complete set of bianzhong (bronze bells), a guqin (plucked zither), stone chimes, and a drum. The instrument has also been found at Jiangsu, Anhui, Shandong, and Liaoning. Surviving specimens have been excavated from Hubei and Hunan provinces, as well as the Jiangnan region of China. Se was very popular in the pre Qin Dynasty and the Han Dynasty. Thus, the zheng is sometimes considered to be a smaller and more simplified version of the se, with fewer strings. During the Zhou dynasty, the se was considered an instrument of elites, and was used to play ritualistic music for sacrificial offerings.īy the Warring States period (5th century BC), the se began developing into early forms of the zheng, another type of plucked zither. The se is also mentioned in The Analects of Confucius (5th-3rd centuries BC). Together with the qin, it is mentioned in the Guan Ju, the famous first poem from the Classic of Poetry (11th-7th centuries BC). ![]() Historical accounts of the se begin in the Western Zhou period (1045–771 BC), and was a popular instrument during the Spring and Autumn period (771-476 BC). It is said that the word for music, yue ( 樂), is composed of the characters si for silk ( 絲) and mu for wood ( 木), and that it is a representation of the instrument. The strings no longer exist.Īccording to legend, the se was created by the god Fuxi. Made of wood painted in black and red lacquer, and carved with decorative patterns. History An ancient se board with four string posts, dated to the 5th-3rd centuries BC. Modern versions of the se often resemble the zheng, and attempts have been made to revive the instrument. The se gradually faded out of use, having evolved into the similar zheng. It was one of the most important stringed instruments in China, along with the qin. ![]() ![]() It varied in size and construction, but generally had 25–50 strings with moveable bridges and a range of up to five octaves. The se ( Chinese: 瑟) or guse ( Chinese: 古瑟) is an ancient plucked zither of Chinese origin. A modern se on display at the Tainan Confucian Temple. ![]()
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